Top cylinder vapor lubricator



April 10, 1956 D HARVEY 2,741,237

TOP CYLINDER VAPOR LUBRICATOR Filed Jan. 27, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet l INVEN TOR.

ATTORNEY April 0, 1956 D. M. HARVEY 2,741,237

TOP CYLINDER VAPOR LUBRICATOR Filed Jan. 27, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG.IO

ATTORNEY April 10, 1956 D. M. HARVEY 2,741,237

TOP CYLINDER VAPOR LUBRICATOR Filed Jan. 27, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN VEN TOR.

ATTORN EY United States Patent TOP CYLINDER VAPOR LUBRICATOR Draper M.Harvey, Hinghain, Mass assign'or to Automotive & Marine ProductsCorporation, a corporatien of Massachusetts Application January27,1951-, Serial No. 208,197

3 Claims. (Cl. 123-195) toarrangements for introduction of an oil sprayinto the engine manifold.

The principal object of the invention is to inject a finely atomized oilspray to coinmingle and be dispersed in an inflowing fuel charge.

Another object of the invention is to inject the finely atomized oilspray into the manifold in the form of a rotating cone.

A further object of the invention is to vaporize and disperse the oilinto a stream of carrier air at a point closely adjacent the point ofinjection into the manifold.

An additional object of the invention is to reduce fractional crackingof an inflowing fuel charge by coating the particles thereof withlubricant.

With the above and other objects and advantageous features in view, theinvention consists of a novel method and a novel apparatus more fullydisclosed in the detailed description following in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, and more specifically defined in the claimsappended thereto.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a plan view of an illustrative bracket plate embodying theinvention; 7

Fig. 2 is a section of the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line 3 -3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 isa section oh the line 4: 4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a plan View of the whirl element of Fig. .4;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged end view .of the bracket plate ,at the injectionopening;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 2 of an illustrative multiplebracket plate construction;

Fig. 8 is .a sectional view of an adjustable nozzle connection;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a modified construction of the bracketplate.

Fig. 10 is anenlarg'ed view of the bracket plate piston of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a plan view, partly in section of a modified bracket plate'constructiom-and Fig. 12 is a sectional view of a modified bracketnozzle arrangement.

It has been found desirable to disperse top cylinder lubricating oilintoan infiowing fuel charge for an automotive engine in finely atomizedform, and in a spray pattern which does not deflect the fuel charge flowpath, to commingle with and be thoroughly dispersed in the fuel charge,whereby the fuel particles become surface plate oil-coated. To this end,I provide a bracket plate construction which vaporizes and atomizes topcylinder oil or oil-air mixture, and injects the fine vapor through adispersing nozzle into thepath ofthe fuel charge in the form of aexpanding cone, the parts being ar- 2,741,237 Patented Apr. 10., 1956 2ranged to eliminate oil drop formation and resulting formation ofdeposits and sludge on the injection nozzle.

Referring to the drawings, the bracket plate 10 is shaped to correspondto an engine manifold, and includes a plate body 11 having bolt openings12 and a central opening 13 which forms part of the fuel charge pathwh'enthe bracket plate is installed. An integral extension 14 isinternally threaded to receive a hipple 15 which has 'a threadedterminal 16 for receiving the end of an oil and air mixture conduit 17,by means of a lock nut 18 and a bpred spreader 19.

The nipple 15 has a fluid passage 20 for conveying an oil-air mixture toa cylindrical whirl chamber 21, in which a mixture whirl device 22 ismounted. The preferred whirl device is in the form of a cylinder havingdouble helical flow channels 23, 24 extending peripherally more than 360degrees, see Fig. 5 one of these flow channels having aninlet 25, seeFig. 4, which is relatively shallow and near the surface, and the otherchannel having an inlet 26 which is deeper as illustrated.

The helical channels impart a high whirling rotational velocity to theair and oil mixture which is subject to centrifugal separation and isthen remixed as it whirls through the nozzle outlet, which is in thewall of an inje'cting nozzle 27 and into the central opening 13, to exitin the form of a whirling expanding cone extending directly across thepath of the fuel charge. The thoroughly atomized oil commingles with thefuel charge without deflecting the charge, and the fuel particles becomecoated with a very fine oil Surface film, whereby cracking andseparation of the fuel ingredients are greatly reduced.

The nozzle injection end of the bracket plate around the nozzle 27 ispreferably spirally grooved, as indicated at 28 in'Fi'g. 6, wherebycollection of oil in drops and accumulation of deposits around thenozzle are eliminated, as the whirling motion of the oil and air spinsany oil particles or drops out into the charge stream.

The above bracket plate construction thus includes a flow passage whichreceives an air and an oil stream, separates the air and oil in a whirldevice, and rmix'estfie air and oil to atomize the. oil and to projecttheinixture out of an injecting nozzle in the form of a whirling conicalspray. The whirl device may be fixed in the bracket plate mixingchamber, or may be loosely mounted .to rotate if desired.

The bracket plate e f-Fig. l is designed for manifolds of the Chevrolet,Plymouth, and Pontiac type. For larger engines of the Buick, Cadillac,and Lincoln type it is preferred to use a bracket plate ,of doublethroat type, such as illustrated in Fig. 7. In this construction thebracket plate 29 has two openings 30, 31, arid two chambers 32, 33 whichreceive air and oil, or'air' and oil mixture, each chamber having awhirl device 34 and a mixture injecting nozzle 35, whereby two spirallywhirling conical oil sprays are injected into the fuel charge.

When the engine construction is such that use .of a standard typebracket plate is precluded, it is desirable to provide an elongatedconnection which may be adjusted in length to be mounted in the bracketplate or which, for some engine constructions, may bev slidably mountedin a nipple connection for extending into the manifold. A preferredconstruction for such installations is' illustrated in Fig. 8, wherein agrip lock arrangement 36 is mounted to slidably grip an elongated nozzleelement 37. The nozzle element 37 has an enlarged threaded end 38 to beconnected to a supply conduit for oil and air mixture, the mixturetraversing a central passageway 39 to an injection nozzle 40; a whirldevice 41-, preferablyhaying double helical threads ,42, is positionedin the passageway 39 adjacentthe nozzle .51 0 whereby hepil and airmixture whirls to separate and remix, and fornisa whirling oil vaporstream as it exits from the nozzle.

whereby thenozzle element is firmly gripped when the compression sleeve48 is threaded into the shell 43. The nozzle element should be mountedso that the nozzle is flush with the bracket plate flow opening 49, asthe outflowing oil and air spray then traverses the charge in i the formof a whirling hollow cone.

I The bracket plate and its associated parts may be modified to maintaina constant'injection pressure for an oilair spray, or to provide mixtureair for an oil supply so as to produce a fully vaporized injectionmixture. As illustrated in Fig. 9, thebracket plate 50 has a chamber '51at its intake end, which is internally threaded to receive a supplynipple 52. The chamber 51 has a bore 53 in which a piston 54 isslidablymounted and an enlarged recess 55 in which an extension 56 ofthe piston is positioned; the piston and its extension, which is ofelongated tapered form, have a longitudinal bore 57 for passage of fluidsuch as air and oil mixture, or oil.-

i; The extension 56 is threaded to adjustably receive a 'spring abutmentwasher 58 and a coil spring 59 engages the washer and an outer wall 60of the enlarged recess 55 in the chamber 51, the recess 55 then taperingas illustrated to provide an injection nozzle 61 iritowhich the forwardend of the extension 56 extends in spaced relation to the walls of thenozzle 61.

'plate and its threaded connection to the upper wall of the recess 55having a fiow passage 69. Air is admitted through an annular filter ringencircling the shell 65, the ring 70 being held in place by a cap 71which has a threaded stud 72 threaded into the upper portion ofthe fshell 65, which has a transverse passage 73 communicating with the flowpassage 66. The admission of'air under regulated pressure establishes apressure diflerential for the injected air-oil mixture.

When an oil-air mixture is supplied to the chamber '51 at the intake endof the bracket plate, it is drawn through the bore 57 and receivesadditional filtered air .through the air flow unit62, the additionalair'enveloping the oil-air mixture to thoroughly mix and atomize theoilair mixture, whereby a finely divided atomized oil spray dischargesfrom the nozzle 61. Whenoil or oil vapor or spray is supplied to thechamber 51, filtered air is drawn in through the air flow unit toenvelop the oil stream and thoroughly rnix and vaporize the oil,

whereby a finely dispersed air-oil stream enters the manifold from thenozzle 61.

The piston 54 has V-shaped grooves 74, see Fig. 10, which collect andretain oil, to provide an effective oil seal; when back pressureincreases the piston 54 is pressed back to slightlyincrease the pressureof the oil or oil-air mixture. v

A construction found suitable for a double throat type bracket plate isillustrated in Fig. 11, wherein the bracket plate 75 has two passages 76for the fuel charge. Two bosses 77 on the plate are internally threadedto receive nipples 78 and have chambers 79 in which whirls 80,preferably of the double threaded type, are positioned to receive oiland air mixture and to whirl the oil and air for passage to conicalnozzles 81 which lead into the passages 76.

The nipples 78 each have a central bore 82, internally threaded at itsbracket end to adjustably receive a disk 83 which has a central standard84 provided with a flow passage 85. -A piston 86 is seated in the outerend of the bore 82, and is annularly recessed to receive a coil spring87 which abuts against a washer, 88, adjustably threaded into theforward part of the central bore 82. The piston 86 has a centralextension 89 which is a tapered to extend towards the flow passage 85,and the piston has a central passage 90 and a, cross. passage 91 wherebyflow of oil-air mixture from the inlet part 9.2

of the nipple through the flow passages and to the whirl 80 and thenozzle 81 is facilitated. The piston 86 may, if desired, be providedwith V-shaped surface grooves to collect an oil seal.

When desired, the bracket plate may have a special nozzle formation toimpart a whirling intermingling of oil and air, or oil-air mixture andadditional air. To this end, the bracket plate 93, see Fig. 12, has aninlet opening 94 to receive the threaded end of a fitting 95,

and a conical nozzle 96 to receive oil-air mixture from the fitting forinjection into the fuel chargepassage opening 97. a. a

The fitting 95 includes an air supply part 98 which has a threaded bore99 and an aligned air flow passage 100 leading to the nozzle 96; an airinlet passage 101 is threaded to'receive a filter cap or a ball check'valve supply unit of the type shown in Fig. 9. An oil or oilair supplyunit 102 has its forward end 103 threaded to seat in the bore 99 and itsrear end 104 internally threaded to receive a supply nipple 105.

The supply unit 102 has a chamber 106 in which a whirl 107 of the typepreviously described is mounted, and a forward extension 108 whichextends into the air fiowpassage 100, the unit being shaped as a nozzle109 to receive air and oil from the whirl'and to project the mixturethrough the nozzle 109 into the-annular stream of air around theextension 108, whereby a thorough mixing is effected, to be againprojected outwardly through the'nozzle 96.

Although I have disclosed specific structional embodiments of myinvention, it is obvious that changes in the size, shape and arrangementof the parts maybe made to suit difierent automotive enginerequirements, without departing from the spirit and the scope of theinvention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim: 1. A bracket plate construction for an engine manifold,comprising a plate body having a central fuel flow opening, a tubularextension integral'with the plate body and threaded at its outer end toreceive an oil-air mixture conduit, said extension and plate body beingbored to provide a cylindrical whirl chamber and a conicalinjectingnozzle having its outlet in the central fuel opening,

and a cylindrical whirl device in said chamber having peripheral helicalflow channel means extendingfthriou'gh at least 360 degrees, whereby thenozzle receives ,air and oil at high whirling rotational velocity anddischarges the air and oil as an expanding whirling cone across the.

path of the inflowing fuel charge. 7 w

2. In the combination of claim 1, the wall of the fuel 4 flow openingaround the nozzle outlet being spirally grooved.

3. In the combination of claim 1, said peripheral flow channel meansincluding double helical flow channels.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS (Otherreferences'on following page) 5 6 UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,428,915 KellerOct. 14, 1947 309 59 Parker July 3 1919 2,457,339 f y 28, 1948 51 5smith Oct. 23 924 2,549,593 Hams APR 17, 1951 1,827,583 James Oct. 13,193} 5 FOREIGN PATENTS 1 33%; 2235: g i 13;; 562,908 Great Britain July20, 1944 2,027,954 Barclay Jan. 14, 1936 France 1938 2,112,538 Lou Man29, 1938 8 38 France y 21, 1941

